SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Sewage Treatment Plant
Treatment of Sewage Water and processed as per clients or pollution control board norms form an integral part of our equipment supplies.
APK offers both customized and standardized Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) for Municipal Corporations, Industries, Housing Societies, Commercial Complexes, Hotels and Hospitals etc. Treatments Schemes are on the principle of Aerobic or Anaerobic Treatment and include
Primary treatment: In primary treatment, filtration and sedimentation takes place. Filtration refers to the process of filtering the water and the process in which the big and heavy substances settle in the water is known as sedimentation.
After primary treatment next is the secondary treatment it can also be called the biological treatment. In the process of secondary treatment aeration is done to the waste water this increase the oxygen in the water and helps bacteria growth. These bacteria then consume the water and reduce the BOD of the waste water subsequently treating it
Preliminary Treatment
Pretreatment removes all materials that can be easily collected from the raw sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment clarifiers
Oil and Grease Removal
In larger plants, Oil and grease are removed by passing the sewage through a small tank where skimmers collect the oil floating on the surface.
Bar Screen
A bar screen is a mechanical filter used to remove large particles from wastewater, such as rags and plastics.
Grit Removal
Pretreatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber, where the velocity of the incoming sewage is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and broken glass.
Flow Equalization
Clarifiers and mechanized secondary treatment are more efficient under uniform flow conditions. Equalization basins provide a place to temporarily hold incoming sewage during plant maintenance and regular flow before it pumped to the treatment. Cleaning may be easier if the basin is downstream of screening and grit removal
Primary Treatment
The sewage passes into large sedimentation tanks to provide a quiescent settlement period. Most of the solids settle to the bottom of the tanks and form a watery sludge, known as ‘primary sludge’.
The tanks are used to settle sludge while grease and oils rise to the surface and are skimmed off.
Primary settling tanks are usually equipped with mechanically driven scrapers that continually drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank where it is pumped to sludge treatment facilities
Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter with help of microorganisms.
In Secondary treatment System we use various treatment process some are highlighted below
- MOVING BED BIO REACTOR (MBBR)
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) processes improve reliability, simplify operation, and require less space than traditional wastewater treatment systems. MBBR technology employs thousands of polyethylene biofilm carriers operating in mixed motion within an aerated wastewater treatment basin.
The MBBR process utilizes floating High Capacity Micro Organism Bio Chips media within the aeration and anoxic tanks. The microorganisms consume organic material. The media provides increased surface area for the biological microorganisms to attach and grow.
- SEQUENTIAL BIO REACTOR (SBR)
More than one reactor provides effective treatment to the sewage
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. SBR reactors treat wastewater such as sewage or output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches.
- MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR (MBR)
Using Ultra Filtration membranes to get treated sewage water, drastically reduces STP area required
A Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a process which combines a microfiltration or ultrafiltration membrane unit with a suspended growth bioreactor, and is now widely used in both municipal and industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants. Here waste water in filtered through as ultrafiltration membrane giving Very clear product. This works at High MLSS loads also.
Biological Treatment
- Anaerobic Sewage Treatment:
- Sewage is partly decomposed by anaerobic bacteria in a tank without the introduction of air, This leads to a reduction of Organic Matter into Methane, Hydrogen Sulphide, and Carbon Dioxide etc.
- It is widely used to treat wastewater sludge and organic waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material to a large extent..
- The methane produced by large-scale municipal anaerobic sludge treatment is currently being examined for use in homes and industry, for heating purposes.
- Septic tanks are an example of an anaerobic process.
- Aerobic Sewage Treatment
- In this process, aerobic bacteria digest the pollutants and air must be provide for the bacteria to breathe.
- In a sewage treatment plant, air is continuously supplied to the Biozone either by direct Surface Aeration using Impellers propelled by pumps which whisk the surface of the liquid with air, or by Submerged Diffused Aeration using blowers for air supply
- Aerobic conditions lead to an aerobic bacterial colony being established. These achieve almost complete oxidation and digestion of organic matter and organic pollutants to Carbon Dioxide, Water and Nitrogen, thus eliminating the odour and pollution problem.
- The effluent produced by this process is non-polluting and can be discharged to a watercourse
Tertiary Treatment
Where the highest quality of effluent is required, a third (tertiary) stage of treatment can be used to remove most of the contaminants from the effluent before it is discharged to a watercourse.
CHLORINE DOSING SYSTEM
- An extended interaction between chlorine and bacteria results in a successful disinfection procedure
- The contact time varies with chlorine concentration, the type of pathogens present, pH, and temperature of the water.
MULTI MEDIA FILTER (MMF)
- MMF is used to reduce level of suspended solid in incoming feed water.
- MMF is suggested when Silt Density Index value is greater than 3 or Turbidity is greater than 0.2 NTU.
- MMF consist of three cycles which are: (Backwash Cycle, Rinse Cycle ,Service Cycle )
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER (ACF)
- This is generally employed in process of removing organic compounds Colour, odour and Residual chlorine from water to some extend
- Coconut shell & coal (anthracite or bituminous) are both the organic sources of activated carbon.
- ACF is based on Adsorption process where open pores are what allow the carbon to capture contaminants.
- This process requires an extensive amount of surface area, and organics in the water will eventually fill up and block the pores of the carbon which are removed by doing a backwash of the carbon.
Sewage Purification Goals
To stabilize organic materials so that it may be securely disposed of in the sewer
To transform sewage water into an effluent of suitable cleanliness that may be discharged into land, rivers, or the sea.
Features of Compact STP Plant
- Reduction of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
- Reduction Carbon Oxygen Demand (COD)
- Maintaining PH
- Minimum or Zero discharge
- Colorless & odor less treated water
- Highly suitable for inconsistent sewage
- Recycling of waste water
Sewage types of Waste Water treated and processed as per clients or pollution control board norms form an integral part of our equipment supplies.
APK offers both customized and standardized Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) for Municipal Corporations, Industries, Housing Societies, Commercial Complexes, Hotels and Hospitals etc. Treatments Schemes are on the principle of Aerobic or Anaerobic Treatment and include
Primary treatment: In primary treatment, filtration and sedimentation takes place. Filtration refers to the process of filtering the water and the process in which the big and heavy substances settle in the water is known as sedimentation.
Secondary treatment or biological treatment: After primary treatment next is the secondary treatment it can also be called the biological treatment. In the process of secondary treatment aeration is done to the waste water this increase the oxygen in the water and helps bacteria growth. These bacteria then consume the water and reduce the BOD of the waste water subsequently treating it
Sewage Treatment Plant
Bar Screen A bar screen is a mechanical filter used to remove large particles from wastewater, such as rags and plastics.
Grit Removal Pretreatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber, where the velocity of the incoming sewage is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and broken glass.
Flow Equalization Clarifiers and mechanized secondary treatment are more efficient under uniform flow conditions. Equalization basins provide a place to temporarily hold incoming sewage during plant maintenance and regular flow before it pumped to the treatment. Cleaning may be easier if the basin is downstream of screening and grit removal
Oil and Grease Removal In larger plants, Oil and grease are removed by passing the sewage through a small tank where skimmers collect the oil floating on the surface.
Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment.
Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter with help of microorganisms.
In Secondary treatment System we use various treatment process some are highlighted below
Where the highest quality of effluent is required, a third (tertiary) stage of treatment can be used to remove most the remaining suspended organic matter from the effluent before it is discharged to a watercourse.
- To stabilize organic materials so that it may be securely disposed
- To transform sewage water into an effluent of suitable cleanliness that may be discharged into land, rivers, or the sea.
- Reduction of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
- Reduction Carbon Oxygen Demand (COD)
- Maintaining PH
- On site assistance by qualified engineers
- Minimum or Zero discharge
- Colorless & odorless treated water
- Highly suitable for inconsistent sewage
- Recycling of waste water